Genetic factors and environmental factors influence development. But development has the most effect on genetic factors because DNA and chromosomes are present in the genetic factors.
In development, genetic factors play an important role. Developmental psychologists, study genetic factors because, without knowledge of the genetic factors, we do not scientifically understand human development. They are genes, DNA, chromosomes, and sex cells.
Different Types of Genetic Factors
1. Genes In the genetic factors, the genes are made up of DNA. It is a unit of hereditary information. It is a basic physical unit of inheritance. Genes are responsible for carrying information that determines your traits.
2. DNA The DNA ( Deoxyribonucleic acid ) is a molecule compared to two polynucleotide chains. It is the hereditary material in human beings. It contains genetic code and is located in cells. In the genetic factors, DNA can duplicate itself. DNA is presented with the help of two strands.
3. Chromosomes Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. It is made up of DNA. In the genetic factors, the chromosome looks like a thread structure. All over the world, all individuals have approximately 99% present genetically identical. However, a single base pair influences human traits.
4. The Sex Cells This cells(gametes) contain only 23 chromosomes. It is the last pair of cells in human beings and determines the sex of an individual. X and Y chromosomes are also called sex cells.
According to These factors, females have two sex chromosomes(X, X) and males have two sex chromosomes( X, Y). The sex of the individual determines the sex cells.
Structure of X and Y Chromosomes
In females, the ovum is the largest cell in the human body. The ovum length is 1/175.
In males, sperm is the shortest cell in the human body. The sperm length is 1/500.
I. Meiosis In the meiosis process, a single cell divides twice to produce four cells. It is a special type of cell division. It reduces the number of chromosomes.
II. Mitosis In the genetic factors, this process is done with the help of gametes (sperm and ovum combination). In mitosis, one cell is divided into two new cells. And new cells are called daughter cells.